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The Fortitude
The Fortitude was the third and final ship of the Royal Navy's (sometimes called "India-class") battleships, built at the start of the Second World War and the lead ship of the class. She was originally laid down as HMS Indus, but was renamed after an attack on the ship by the Italian submarine in July 1940. She was launched on 3 October 1942 and completed in August 1943.
Service history
Indus
Indus was ordered under the 1940 Programme and was laid down at John Brown's Clydebank yard on 4 January 1941. Indus was transferred to Chatham Dockyard and was launched on 3 October 1942.
On 22 November 1942 Indus sailed to Scapa Flow, for training in her role as an aircraft carrier, but on 1 December 1942 the operation was cancelled and she returned to Chatham to begin refits.
Fortitude
In April 1943 she was renamed Fortitude to allow her to join the Home Fleet, while her sister ships were refitting. She joined the Home Fleet on 17 July 1943 and on 23 November 1943 she was involved in a collision with the destroyer off the Firth of Forth, but was not damaged.
On 24 December 1943 the Fortitude joined the Operation Torch landings at Casablanca in French Morocco. The landings were successful and Fortitude evacuated 160 British prisoners of war to Gibraltar. She returned to Britain on 11 January 1944. She was then assigned to the Home Fleet in the North Atlantic, but was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in March. She was present at the failed Operation Accolon, to land supplies in the Aegean islands of Rhodes and Kos in September.
The Fortitude was fitted with close-in, anti-aircraft weaponry and radar for the invasion of Italy in Operation Avalanche. Fortitude took part in the landings in August, capturing Pantellaria, with no resistance.
She was present at the end of the campaign, screening Operation Diadem, the landing of troops and supplies on the Dalmatian coast in October. From December, the Fortitude was at Palermo in Sicily, and in January 1945 was part of the naval force that landed at Leghorn and Savona. She was present at the German surrender in Italy on 3 May.
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